Oil-stove.



W R. IEAVONS 6a A. R. WHITTAKER..

OIL smvg; APPLICATION FILED AUG-4.1914.

Patenvd Mar. 5,1913.

()(DQOO UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM R. JEAVONS AND ARNOLD IR. WHIT'I'AKEB, 0F CLEVELAND, OHIO.

OIL-STOVE.

Application filed August 4, 1914.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, (1) WILLIAM R. JEAVONS, (2) ARNOLD R. WHrrrAKER,citi- Zens of the United States, residing at Cleve; land, in the countyof Cuyahogaand State of Ohio, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Oil- Stoves, of which the following is a full, clear, and

exact description, reference being had to i the accompanying drawings.

This invention relates to oil stoves, and more especially to stoves ofthe type known to the trade as heaters or lamp stoves. It is the objectof the invention to provide a cooperating construction of parts wherebyan odorless flame may he produced and maintained at a height of maximumefliciency during the entire period of operation of the stove,notwithstanding the variations which will exist in the level of the oilin the font necessarily incidental to such operation. This object issecured in connection with a construction and arrangement of partswherein the oil level will be positively maintained between two points(below the point of seepage and above the point where the wick will failto feed sulficiently) this, together with the proper positioning andarrangement of the parts referred to hereinafter, will produce a heaterfree from the odors due to an excessive, as well as insufficient, oilsupply to the burner and will at the same time prevent the charring ofthe wick, with the consequent increase in the life of the latter. One ofthe more limited objects of our invention (but one whereby a flame ofmaximum efliciency may be maintained) is to provide a constructionwhereby the temperature of the oil in the top of the font shall bemaintained at approximately 115 F.; a, temperature which reduces theviscosity of the oil to an extent that will insure a uniformly amplecapillary feed to the exposed surface of the wick, notwithstanding thelowering of the ,oil level in the font during said continued operationand, on the other hand, will not unduly reduce such viscosity andproduce undue vaporization of the oil within the top of the font. Theinvention disclosed herein is designed with reference to theconstruction shown in the patent to Wm'. B. Jeavons No. 1,089,841,issued March 10,1914.

Further and more limited objects of the invention will appear"hereinafter, the complete inventionbeing disclosed in the drawSpecification of Letters Patent.

December 15, 1908. from thetop of the front, and surrounding PatentedMar. 5, 1918.

Serial No. 855,044.

tional detail of the lower portion of the drum and of the adjacentportions of the font, gallery, and stove base, said figure being amodification of the construction illustrated in the preceding views.

Describing by reference characters the various parts illustrated herein,1 denotes a stove base having the legs 2. At its upper end, the base isprovided with a plurality of inwardly projecting segmental flanges 3each having bosses 3 pressed upwardly therefrom. 5 denotes the font,which is mounted within the base and is supported on the upwardlyprojecting bosses 3* by means of the substantially horizontal flange 6at the top of the body of the font. It will be observed that slots 3 areprovided between the segmental flanges and between the flange 6 and thebody 4. This font is a shallow metal reservoir having central verticallyalined openings through which extends the outer wick tube 7. The top andthe bottom of the font are substantially horizontal and are preferablyprovided with shallow annular ribs or corrugations between theperipheral and central portions thereof. Projecting downwardly from thebottom and extending around the bottoms of the wick tubes 7 and 8is'a'wind shield 9 having perforations 10 in the outer wall thereof, thewind shield being of the type described and claimed in the applicationof Wm. R. Jeavons No. 782,005, filed July 30, 1913.

Projecting upwardly from the upper end of the inner wick. tube is theair distributer, indicated generally at 11. This distributer may be ofany approved type, such as shown in the patent to Jeavons No. 906,887,issued Projecting upwardly the upper end of the outer wick tube 7, is aperforated collar .or gallery 12,-which preferably extends 'upwardlabout .as high as the outer wick tube an. is there bent outwardly in aninverted U-shape, as shown at 13, forming a seat fora collar 14:projecting downwardly from a central opening within the perforatedbottom 15 of the stove drum 16, The collar is projected. outwardly,

as shown at 1 1, to provide a seating portion cooperating with the topof the gallery 12, the lower end of the collar projecting downwardlybelow the top of the allery and being flared outwardly, as shown at 14*.The particular construction of the gallery forms the subject matter ofour copending application No. 855,045 filed August 4:, 1914.

The bottom 15 of the drum is preferably formed by an inwardly projectingportion of the drum base (known to the trade as the cone plate) which isprovided with an annular seat 15 for the lower end of the drum and whichbase extends outwardly be yond the top of the font and is seated withinthe head 4., when the drum is in operative relation to the burner.

The drum base affords the means by which the drum is hinged to the stovebase 1. The portion of the drum base between the drum and the stove baseis provided with perforations 15*. Two circular rows of perforations areshown, each row extend ing-entirely around the drum base, the lower rowbeing located in proximity to the top of the font, whereby the enteringair may pass in close proximity to such top. 17 deniotesa false bottomfor the drum, said false bottom extending upwardly and outwardly fromthe inner periphery of the drum bottom 15. The inner edge of the drumbottom. 15 and the inner edge of the false bottom 17 may be convenientlyclamped by the upper end of the collar 14, such upper end being shown asbent intochannel form, as shown at 1 1, to receive therewithin thehorizontal flanges formed at the inner peripheries of the )arts 15 and17 The outer end of thefalse ottom 1'7 abuts against the inner surfaceof the drum 16 and may be provided with an upwardly projecting flangel7, bearing against such drum surface. Between the false bottom, thedrum bottom thelower portion of the drum there is formed an annularchamber which is closed at its inner edge and through which the air frombeneath may circulate. The outer portion of the false bottom 17,adjacent to the druln 16, is provided with perforations 17. A. singlerow of perforations is shown and these perforations are preferably inchin diameter. It will be observed that the lower part of-the'drum properis provided with perforations of an ornamental character, in dicated at16, and these perforations are located between the drum bottom 15 andthe false bottom 17.

In Fig. 3 there is shown a modification which differs from theembodiment disclosed in the preceding figures in that the false. bottom18 is imperforate, as is also the portion of the drum base which extendsbetween the bottom of the drum and the stpve base 1. v

As is the case with I the construction shown in Jearons Patent1,089,841, the oil font 5 is extremely shallow, as compared with itslateral extent. In this case, 1n the case with the patentedconstruction, it is conten'lplated that the oil shall not be fed bycapillary action a distance materially greater than inches and that thetop of the wick tube shall be not materially greater than 1?; inche fromthe top of the font. This insures the maintenance of the oil below theseepage limit and within the capillary limits of the wick, while the oiltravels by capillarity, at all times, in sufiicient quantity to keep theexposed surface of the wick well supplied. Furthermore, as is the casewith the construction of the Jcarons patent aforesaid, the relation ofthe parts beneath and heated by the flan'le to the extended top of thefont is such as to warm the oil to a temperature of at least 110. It hasbeen found that the best results are secured when the temperature of theoil is maintained at substantially 115 and does not materially exceedsuch tem 'ierature, as such tempera ture reduces the viscosity of theoil to such an extent as to insure an ample capillary feed, while anover-suppl' of vapor from the top of the wick to the ame is prevented.This result is secured in and through the construction and arrangementof parts just described in connection with the false bottom 17 and thearrangement whereby relativel cool air is circulated about the top ofthe out and beneath the false bottom. As will be seen by reference tothe arrows in Fig. 1 air passes upwardly through the slots 3" andthrough the openings 15 and passes above the top of the font. Some ofthis air flows through the gallery 12 and supplies the outer portion ofthe flame burning above the top of the wick tubes. The re mainder of theair passes through the perforations in the drum bottom 15, and thegreater portion of this air passes out through the openings 16 in thelower end of the drum proper. Some of the air can pass up through theopening 17* and, with perforations of the dimensions set forth andarranged as described, will admit a limited amount of air to the drumwhich serves to elevate the peripheral portion of the flame and preventunduly heating the shield therebeneath formed by the false bottom 17,thus assisting to maintain the temperature in the top of the font atabout 115.

In the modification shown in Fig. 3, all of the air for the gallery 12and for the space beneath the false bottom or shield 18 flows upwardlybetween the stove base 1 and the vertical wall of the font 5, passesthrough the segi'nental slots 3* and into the space beneath the drumbase 15, whence it is distributed to the gallery and beneath the Shield18 and through-the openings 16. In thiS ease, the false bottom or shieldis Shown.

tion of air whatever through the false bottom. This construction, aswell as that disclosed in the other views, has proven extremelyefficient in operation.

It will be noted that, in maintaining the temperature in the top of thefont at about and not materially exceeding 115 F., we secure acirculation of relatively cool air about and above the top of the fontand in proximity to the parts adjacent to and beneath the burner,whereby these parts are ke t relatively cool-an important considerationin itself and one of the objects attained by our invention; also thatwesecure this construction from between 400 to 500 F. to between 200 to250 F. and the part of the drum base located outside of the drum issufficiently cool to be handled with out discomfort. Although the top ofthe reservoir is intentionally subject to radiant heat from the drumbase, the heating effect is kept within the most efiicient limits by theair distributing arrangement provided herein.

In Fig. 3, the chamber provided between the partition 17, the partitionformed by the drum bottom, and the lower portion of the drum is out ofcommunication with the combustion space thereabove, although air cancirculate therethrough. Furthermore, it will be noted that the openings16 are relatively large so that the outer wall of this chamber offers nosubstantial resistance to the outward radiation of heat from theinclined partition 1.7. By this arrangement, 1

the top of the font or reservoir is heated only to the temperaturedesired.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim is 1. In. an oilstove, the combination of a font, a air of wick tubes projectingupwardly fi-om said font, a gallery surrounding and spaced from the wicktubes, the top of the font extending outwardly from said gallery, a drumabase for said drum extending outwardly above the font and extendinginwardly substantially as far as the gallery, the base being providedwith perforations in the outer and the inner portions thereof, and ashield within the drum and located above the inner portion of the drumbase, the portion of the drum between the shield and the base beingperforated.

2. In an oil stove, the combination ofv a font, a air of wick tubesprojecting upwardly rom said font, a gallery surrounding and spaced fromthe wick tubes, the font having a top projecting horizontally outwardlyfrom the gallery, a stove base surrounding and spaced from the font,said base having an annular seat at the upper end thereof and providedwith segmental flanges projecting inwardly from said seat, the top ofthe font being provided with a flange adapted to seat the font upon thesegmental flanges, an annular drum base adapted to be supportedwithin.said seat a and extendin above said top and provided with perforations,a drum mounted on said drum base between the inner and outer edgesthereof, a collar depending from" the inner edge of the drum base andcotiperating with the top of the gallery, and a shield projectingdownwardly and inwardly from the drum above the inwardly. extending partof the drum base, the drum being perforated between said shield and thedrum base. j

3. In an oil stove, the combination of a font, a pair of wick tubesprojecting upwardly from said font, a gallery surrounding and spacedfrom the wick tubes,'the font having a top projecting horizontallyoutwardly from the gallery, a stove base surrounding and spaced from thefont, said base having an annular seat at the upper end thereof andprovided with segmental flanges projecting inwardly from said seat, thefont. being provided with means where by itmay be seated upon thesegmental flanges, a perforated annular drum base adapted to besupported within said seat 4. In an oil stove, the combination of afont, a pair of wick tubes projecting upwardly from said font, aperforated gallery surrounding the wick tubes, the font having a topextending horizontally outwardly from said gallery, .a stove basesurrounding the font and having an annular seat with segmental flangesprojectinginwardly from said seat with recesses between said flanges,

a flange projecting outwardly from the top of the fontand adapted torest on said segmental flanges, anannular drum base adapted to fitwithin the seat and to extend above the top of the font and above therecesses between the segmental flanges, said drum base being providedwith perforations above its outer edge, a drum mounted on said basebetween the edges thereof, acollar depending from the inner edge of saiddrum 1 jecting upwardly therefrom, a drum surrounding said burner, adrum base extend- I font having-a substantially horizontal to it burnerPr j ct g p ardly, fromsa d aim),

1 base and adaptedfto engage the top; of the gallery and a shield havingits inner edge .mzproxnmtyto and insubstantial engagement with the'innered a of the drum base and rejecting upwar ly and outwardly I there om tothe inner wallof the drum, the

drum being "perforated between said shield and said drum base and theportion of the drum base within the forated. p v b fiQIn an oil stove,the combination of a font, a air of wick tubes projecting upwardlv romsaid-font, 'a-font having'a top :exten ing horizontall outwardly, fromthe wick tubes, a stove asfeisurrolunding the font and having an annularseat with segrnental flanges "projecting inwardly from within the seat'andto extend above the top the portion of the drum base therewithinsaid seat with recesses between said flanges, a flange projectingoutwardly from the 'fontand adapted to rest on said segmental flanges,an annular drum baseadapted to fit of'the fontand above the recessesbetween oth jsegmental flanges, a drummounted 1 on said base between theinner and outer edges thereof, and-a shield within the drum above andspaced therefrom and arranged to proteet such portion against theradiant heat of the flame above the wick tubes, the arrangement ofpartspermitt-ing-the air flowing through the recesses to circulatebetween the shield and the drumbase. o 7

- 6. In an oil stove, the combination of a font having an extended top,a burner proing above the top of the font and-spaced 3 therefrom andsupporting the drum intermediate of the inner and outer edges of said:batse, the drum base being-perforated near its outer periphery andbeing-perforated in the portion which "is within ths'drum, a

shield extending outwardly from theinner edge-of the drum base as far asthe drum and forming a space with the portion of the {drum-i basetherebeneath, said drum q being I perforated-betweenthe shield and th edrum hater 7'. In an oil stove, the combination of a top-g a drumsurrounding the burner and havin' a base'extending outwardlyy-and ina vshield within the drum above the inner-perj dfiosaid base, the,arrangement of parts Ward 17 therefrom aboVe the font, and a permitting1 air" to eireulata beneath the portionotf' the drum base above the fentand throughthe inner portion of said.

we outwardly through the space gheupwardly from n was Mr drum I beingper-' a t e wardly' from saidburnen a stove'base sur- I rounding thefontand having an annular seat wit I wardly from saidse'at, each of,said flanges being provided with one or more upwardly projecting bosses,there being recesses bea tween said flanges," a flange projectingoutwardly from the font and adapted to rest upon said bosses, an annulardrum base adapted to fit within the seat and to extend inwardly abovethe, top of the font and above the. recesses between the segmental Iflanges, said drumbase being provided with perforations above its outeredge, a drum mountedon said base between the edges thereof; a shieldwithin the drum and above the drum base and spaced therefrom, theportion ofthe drum'base below the shield being perforated and theportion of the between the shield and the drum base being perforated. j9'. In an oil stove, the combination of a font, a burner projectingupwardly from said font, the top of the font extending outwardl fromsaid burner, a stove base surrounding the font and" having an annularseat with segmental flanges projecting inwardly from said seat, each ofsaid flanges 1 being provided with one or more upwardly projectingbosses, a flange projecting outwardly fromthe font and adapted to restupon saidbOsses; an annular drum base adapted to fit withinthe seat andto extend inwardly above the topiof the font and above the recessesbetween the segmental flanges,

a drum mounted on said base between the edges thereof, an annular shieldwithin the drumand above the drum base and spaced therefrom and'formingan annular chamber therewith which is closed at its inner endjthcportion of the drum base below the ,shield, be1ng perforated and theportion of the drum between the shield and the drum base; beingperforated. a

10. In an oil stove, the combination of a font-having a top, aburnerprojecting upwardly from said top, a drum surrounding the burnerand having an annular bottom extending inwardly above the font, and anannular shield within the drum and abovesuch bottom and formingtherewith an annular-ehamben which is closed at the inner edge, thearrangement of parts permitting air to circulate above the font andoutwardly through said chamber.

- 11. IH aH OII stove, the combination of a aways burnerv projectingupwardly from segmental flanges "projecting ini saidfont, adrum-surrounding the burner;

an annular bottomifor said drum and extending outwardly above thetopofthe font fifrom the burner to the drum, said bottom beinperforated, an -annular shield within m" and located above such drumbot- ..tom-' therewith a chamber naa at th the pe tion of the shieldwhich is adjacent to the drum being provided with erforations arrangedto admit a limite suppl of air therethrough and the wall of the rumbetween the shield and the drum bottom being perforated.

12. In an oil stove, the combination of a font, a burner projectingupwardly from said font, a drum surrounding the burner, an annularbottom for said drum extending outwardly above the top of the font fromthe burner to the drum, and an annular shield within the drum andlocatedabove such drum bottom and forming therewith a chamber which is closedat the inner edge, the portion of the shield which is adjacent to thedrum being provided with perforations arranged to admit a limited supplyof air therethrough and the portion of the flame and extendingsubstantially paralleltherewith from a point near its base to a pointnear its upper extremity, and a casing surrounding the said flame andextending above and below the same and provided with openings below theupper extremity of said diaphragm, said diaphragm secured burner;projecting thereabove, a drum surrounding and extending above saidburner and providing a combustion space there above, and a pair ofpartitions extending inwardly from the lower portion of the drum towardthe burner and forming with such portion of the drum a chamberinterposed between the combustion space and the font the upper of saidpartitions bein inclined downwardly from said drum an the portion of thedrum between'said partitions offering no material resistance to theoutward radiation of heat from the upper partition.

In testimony whereof, we hereunto aflix our signatures in the presenceof two wit- BRENNAN B. WEsT.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe "Commissioner 01' Patents,

Washington, D. 0. i

